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One of the first prerequisite for dental implants placement is the presence of adequate bone quantity andquality.For patients with severe atrophic maxilla there are some reliable procedures to obtain an adequate bone volume restoration and a correct vertical, transverse and sagittal interarch maxillary relationship(1).
Unfortunately, severe atrophic maxilla sometimes may encourage practitioners to consider these patients as "untreatable" or treat them with a removable denture that's clearly a hopeless treatment due to the total lack of stability and retention.
Since 1980, that several surgical procedures have been developed to increase local bone volume in patients suffering from maxillary atrophy and difficulties with wearing removable prosthesis and these are, for example, onlay and inlay bone graft, maxillar sinus graftng, GBR, osteodistraction, segmental LeFort1 osteotomy etc. (2-5).
Autologous bone is the ideal grafting material because of its intrinsic charateristics and it showed that can reach predictable results (6) due to the osteogenic,osteoinductive and osteoconductive capacity (7)
However, the use of autologous bone graft has some drawbacks such as limited quantity of available bone, possible donor-site morbidity after bone harvesting, unpredictable new bone quality and quantity due to its atypical resorption pattern(8-9).
For these reasons and to overcome these problems, we considered as an alternative, supported byliterature, the use of fresh-frozen allograft (10), already used in orthopedic surgery (11), spine surgery (12), spine fusion surgery(13) .
For optimal incorporation of the graft, the host bed should either already contain enough pre-osteogenic or osteogenic cells, or must be enriched by a source of these cells, such as autograft or autogenous bone marrow(14-15).
Recent studies have highlighted that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are capable of regenerating large bone defects when used in combination with bone substitutes and increasing allograft osteointegration (16).
Because of this increasing interest in fresh-frozen allograft we evaluated the clinical, radiological, and above all histological result in a patient treated with fresh frozen bone graft (FFB) in combination with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from BMA( Bonemarrowaspiration) isolated from patient's iliac crest, and also demonstrated the clinical results of our work in short and long term.

Keywords: Cephalometrics, Dental casts, Pharyngeal airway space, Dental arch.

Abstract:
Objective: To assess the pharyngeal airway and dental arch dimensions in Malaysian adult subjects and compare them with Jordanians.
Material and methods: Pre-orthodontic cephalograms, and dental casts of 100 patients were used in this study. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the ethnic origin. The first group was an adult Jordanian and consisted of 50 patients (34 females and 16 males, age ranged between 18 and 25 years, average age was 21.7), and the second group was an adult Malaysian patients and consisted of 50 patients (34 females and 16 males, age ranged between 18 and 24 years, average age was 21.3). Lateral cephalograms were used to assess the pharyngeal airway measurements and the dental casts to assess the dental arch dimensions. Independent t-test was used to detect differences between the two groups.
Results: Malaysian showed significantly more prognathic maxilla and mandible (P < 0.05) and a more forward position of lower incisors relative to A-Pog line (P < 0.05) when compared to Jordanian.
Malaysian's pharyngeal airway dimensions were significantly wider, in the total upper airway thickness (PNS – H), upper airway thickness (PNS - AD2), inferior airway space (IAS) and McNamara‘s upper and lower pharynx dimensions, than Jordanians (P < 0.05). On the other hand, Jordanian group showed significantly longer soft palate (PNS – P), vertical airway (VAL) and perpendicular line from mandibular plane to hyoid bone (M PLANE-H) when compared to Malaysians (P < 0.05).
Inter canine, inter premolar, and inter molar widths were significantly wider in Malaysian group than those of Jordanians (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: Malaysian had more prognathic maxilla and mandible, more proclined upper and lower incisors, wider pharyngeal airway dimensions and wider transverse dental arch measurements when compared with the Jordanians.

Authors: GUIRASSY MouhamadouLamine, DIALLO Ahmad Moustapha, THIAM Diabel, MAFTAH Amine, DIOUF Abdoulaye, Seck-DIALLO Adam, BENOIST Henri Michel, DIALLO Papa Demba

ABSTRACT

Introduction: mucositis and peri-implantitis are peri-implant inflammatory pathologies of infectious origin occurring around implants in function. Several animal studies suggest the role of surface conditions in the development of peri-implantitis, but the results remain contradictory and difficult to reproduce in humans. The purpose of this systematic review was to find out the impact of those physical and chemical characteristics of implant surface on the risk for occurrence of peri-implantitis.

Materials and Methods : from 2004 to 2014, a systematic review was carried out by means of an electronic search strategy in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source, and in the manual search in journals of periodontology and of implant dentistry

Results: the strategy has helped found 389 papers selected for inclusion in the study, and after application of filters and criteria, only 3 scientific articles have been selected for further analysis.

Conclusion : the condition of implant surfaces, whatever rough or smooth, has no direct influence on the onset of peri-implant disease, except in the presence of other risk factors for peri-implantitis.

Key words: dental implant, peri-implantitis, risk factors, surface condition.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Periodontal diseases are infectious diseases caused by the presence of micro-organisms in dental plaque between the gum and tooth. They are common, often silent, discovered during a visit to the dentist.

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of periodontal infection observed in the school district of Bamako and analyze treatment needs.

Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study, analytic based on observation of periodontal status of Bamako District students over a period of three months (1 April to 30 June 2013). Data were collected from a survey sheet prepared for the occasion, entered and analyzed on SPSS Version 19.0 software. Statistical calculations were carried out using the chi-2 Pearson with a lower alpha risk or equal to 0.05.

Results: We recorded 549 cases of periodontal disease is a frequency of 87.84%. The average age was 12 years, ranging from 5 to 18 years. The sex ratio was 1.04. Elementary students were 54.65%, 45.35% for secondary. Plaque on at least one tooth was observed in 66.08% of the students. Gingival inflammation was found in 87.84% of students which, 14.72% had at least one tooth with periodontal pockets of 4 to 5 mm deep and 2.40% had at least one tooth with periodontal pocket 6mm. The score 2 CPITN (Education in oral hygiene and scaling) was 67.52%.

Conclusion: This study showed a high incidence of periodontal disease in schools in the District of Bamako. The actions of prevention, promotion of oral health and early detection of diseases will improve the health of students, hence the need to strengthen oral health programs in schools.

Key words: periodontal disease, Student, plaque index, gingival index, Index CPITN